There is a very apt summary — Charlie Munger "turned talent into a comprehensive system."

This is the评价from investment master Howard Marks. In his view, Munger is not only exceptionally intelligent but also rare in transforming personal talent into a replicable and inheritable methodology.

Munger's most famous contribution is called the "Multiple Mental Models," also known as the "Lattice of Models." In simple terms, it is an investor's toolbox. Whenever the market presents a new situation, you don't need to start analyzing from scratch — what it is, why it matters, what it means for me. Instead, you can instantly respond: I've seen this before; applying a certain model can handle it.

To develop such an ability, three conditions are necessary: living long enough, observing carefully enough, and adding a bit of brains. Gradually, you can build your own cognitive system and learn to recognize and apply different tools in various scenarios. This is the strength of Munger.

He not only has a highly systematic way of thinking but also has a straightforward personality. Regardless of who the opponent is, the occasion, or whether it is politically correct, he speaks frankly. He is a kind person, but he would never sugarcoat his words — if he thinks something is right, he says it. His biography is called "Damn Right," which perfectly reflects his personality.

Most importantly, he profoundly influenced Buffett with this set of thinking systems. The most famous example: he advised Buffett to abandon the "cigar butt" strategy — the practice of picking up cheap, poor-quality companies — and instead buy reasonably priced but truly excellent companies. This advice directly changed Buffett's investment style and also led to the Berkshire Hathaway we know today.

Structured talent and profound thinking — this is the secret to long-term success.