## What is CA on a stock? Understand the abbreviations at the end of stock names clearly

When you look at a stock trading platform, you will notice various mysterious abbreviations attached after the stock name, such as CA, XM, XD, T1, or H. These abbreviations are not just random symbols but carry important meanings that can affect your investment decisions.

### What is CA on a stock

**CA is an abbreviation for Corporate Action** meaning that the company will undertake a significant action within the next 7 days. This movement may involve the allocation of rights to shareholders.

When you see CA at the end of a stock, clicking to view details will inform you:
- What the event is
- When it will happen
- How it affects your rights

Stock abbreviations are divided into three main groups, each with different meanings.

## Group 1: Abbreviations starting with X - Loss of rights

Abbreviations beginning with X come from the word "Excluding," meaning shareholders will lose certain rights if they buy the stock during the period with this abbreviation.

**XD - Loss of dividend rights**

XD stands for Excluding Dividend. Important points to know:
- If you buy the stock on the day it goes XD, you will not receive the dividend this round.
- But if you hold the stock until the next XD, you will be entitled to the dividend in the next round.

Investors often wonder how long they need to hold the stock to receive dividends. The answer is: buying just before the stock goes XD is enough. For example, buy on day 1, and if the stock goes XD on day 2, you still get the full dividend. Regardless of how long you hold, everyone receives dividends at the same rate.

**XM - Not entitled to attend shareholders' meeting**

XM stands for Excluding Meetings. If you buy during the XM period, you cannot participate in the company's decision-making meetings.

**XW - Not receiving warrants**

XW stands for Excluding Warrant. Warrants are rights that allow you to buy the parent company's shares at a predetermined price, usually at a 1:1 ratio.

**XS - Not entitled to short-term share subscription rights**

XS stands for Excluding Short-term Warrant.

**XR - Not entitled to rights to subscribe for additional shares**

XR stands for Excluding Rights. When a company wants to raise additional funds from existing shareholders, those who buy during XR will not have the right to subscribe for these new shares.

**XT - Not entitled to transferable subscription rights**

XT stands for Excluding Transferable Subscription Right. This relates to rights to purchase additional shares, which can be transferred to others, unlike XR rights.

**XI - No interest | XP - No principal**

XI stands for Excluding Interest, and XP stands for Excluding Principal. These symbols appear with bonds or fixed-income securities.

**XA - No rights at all**

XA stands for Excluding All, meaning losing all rights that the company is about to announce.

**XE - Not entitled to convert rights into shares**

XE stands for Excluding Exercise, related to converting securities into shares.

**XN - No capital return**

XN stands for Excluding Capital Return. Sometimes, companies need to reduce capital to balance their finances, especially in cases of accumulated losses.

**XB - No other benefits**

XB stands for Excluding Other Benefit, meaning losing rights to subscribe for preferred shares, allocated common shares, or other securities of affiliated companies.

## Group 2: Abbreviations starting with T - Warning of soaring trading activity

The abbreviation T appears when a stock's price surges abnormally. The stock exchange implements measures to limit speculation, divided into 3 levels.

**T1 - First warning level**

T1 stands for Trading Alert Level 1. When a stock hits T1:
- It must be purchased with cash only (Cash Balance)
- This mark remains for 3 weeks

**T2 - Second warning level**

T2 stands for Trading Alert Level 2. If the stock remains in T1 warning for more than 1 month, it escalates to T2:
- Must be purchased with cash
- Cannot be used as collateral
- Duration: 3 weeks

**T3 - Highest warning level**

T3 stands for Trading Alert Level 3. If T2 persists for over a month, it escalates to T3:
- Must be purchased with cash only
- Cannot be used as collateral
- No netting (Settlement) - When you sell the stock, the buying power will not return today but will return the next day

This means: normally, if you buy stock with a Cash Balance account of 10,000 baht and sell, the buying power returns immediately. But T3 delays this for days or weeks to prevent multiple trades in a single day.

A Cash Balance account is for beginners because you can only invest with the amount of money you have. It’s easy to understand and limits your investment amount.

## Group 3: Other warning abbreviations

( H - Temporary trading halt

H stands for Trading Halt, meaning trading is paused for one trading session )There are 2 sessions per day: morning and afternoon(

This occurs when important news leaks before the company officially reports to the stock exchange.

) SP - Trading suspension longer than 1 session

SP stands for Trading Suspension. Similar reason as H but for a longer period, possibly due to the company not submitting financial statements.

### NP and NR - Awaiting clarification

NP stands for Notice Pending, meaning the company needs to report certain information. Once reported, it changes to NR (Notice Received)

### NC - Non-compliance with conditions

NC stands for Non-Compliance. The company risks delisting from the stock exchange, possibly due to:
- Long-term accumulated losses
- Not submitting financial statements for a long period

NC companies have 1 year to rectify the situation.

### ST - Price stabilization

ST stands for Stabilization, often seen with new IPO stocks to maintain the price above the IPO price during the first 30 days. The company uses excess shares to support the price, called Greenshoe (.

) C - Caution

C stands for Caution. The company faces financial problems and high risk, serving as a warning to avoid investing.

A company can be classified as C when:

**Financial aspect:**
- Shareholders’ equity less than 50% of capital
- Court petitions for rehabilitation or bankruptcy
- Regulatory authorities order corrective actions

**Financial statement aspect:**
- Auditor issues a disclaimer
- SEC orders financial corrections

**Business aspect:**
- The company is a Cash Company ###selling almost all assets, only cash remains###

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## Summary

Stock CA and other abbreviations at the end of stock names are important tools that help investors recognize changes. Understanding each abbreviation is a crucial step before trading stocks.

When you see CA at the end of a stock, don’t rush to decide. Click to see what the Corporate Action is and how it will affect your rights. Careful decision-making can prevent losses and make your investments more effective.