XRP Ledger Questioned for "Centralization"? Ripple CTO Responds, Decentralization Controversy Heats Up Again

February 25 News: The debate over whether XRP Ledger (XRPL) is a centralized blockchain has quickly heated up in the crypto community. Justin Bons, founder and CIO of Cyber Capital, publicly questioned the decentralization of XRPL, arguing that its reliance on the Unique Node List (UNL) mechanism essentially makes it a “permissioned blockchain,” deviating from the true permissionless crypto network concept.

Justin Bons pointed out that XRPL validators typically refer to recommended node lists published by a central authority. Deviating from this list could lead to network forks, creating potential governance centralization risks. He also categorized XRPL alongside networks like Stellar, Hedera, and Algorand as “permissioned architectures,” emphasizing that blockchains not based on PoW or PoS consensus may be closer to an authority-based proof model (PoA), making full trust minimization difficult.

In response, Ripple’s Chief Technology Officer David Schwartz issued a positive statement, denying that Ripple has absolute control over the XRP Ledger. He explained that XRPL was designed to prevent any single entity from dominating the network, with each node independently choosing which validators to trust, rather than relying solely on official recommendations. Even if validators act dishonestly, nodes can adjust their UNL to maintain consensus security.

David Schwartz further stated that validators cannot force honest nodes to accept double-spend transactions or implement censorship. XRPL confirms transactions through consensus rounds approximately every five seconds, mechanismically reducing risks of censorship and double spending. He acknowledged that, in theory, if most validators colluded, it could impact network operation, but this is a typical majority attack issue, not a structural power Ripple controls alone.

This controversy also raises a core industry question: how should blockchain decentralization standards be defined? Some analysts believe that XRPL’s performance advantages and fast settlement capabilities stem from its unique consensus mechanism, rather than traditional PoW models. Meanwhile, as regulatory environments tighten and institutional attention increases, discussions around the security, decentralization, and governance transparency of permissioned blockchains are expected to intensify, becoming a key factor influencing the long-term narrative of the XRP ecosystem.