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Summary
BitTorrent is one of the largest decentralized C2C file sharing platforms. It is powered by the Tron blockchain and the TRC-10 utility token BTTC. BTTC is used to incentivize users on the network to provide their local computer resources to achieve high-speed downloads and secure decentralized storage. The BitTorrent ecosystem also features a community-based live streaming platform where content creators and viewers can earn and stake BTTC rewards.
Introduction
In the early 21st century, C2C platforms like BitTorrent were common channels for people to freely download music and movies on the internet. The platform was very popular but also faced many challenges. The biggest issue was that users had to spend a long time finding and downloading the content they wanted, because most users lacked the motivation to continue sharing files after obtaining the content.
What is BitTorrent?
BitTorrent is one of the largest and oldest C2C data and file sharing platforms. The platform was initially launched in 2001, when the internet was just beginning to become popular. The emergence of BitTorrent revolutionized the way users download and access entertainment content and other large files and data.
In 2018, BitTorrent was acquired by the Tron Foundation and relaunched as a decentralized C2C platform on the Tron blockchain. The platform added various tools and integrated the TRC-10 token BitTorrent (BTTC) to provide incentives for network participants.

Venus Protocol is an algorithmic money market system on BNB Chain. With this system, users can securely borrow and lend cryptocurrencies through a decentralized process. By linking cryptocurrency wallets such as MetaMask, anyone can start using this permissionless protocol. The Venus Protocol community owns and controls the protocol through its native governance token XVS, which can be staked in the Venus Protocol Vault to earn token rewards.
Introduction to Decentralized Finance ( DeFi ) has begun to offer an increasing number of traditional financial services. With Venus Protocol, users can borrow and lend from asset pools without permission, and collateral providers can benefit from their idle funds. However, the protocol does not process transactions through centralized participants; instead, it automates processes using smart contracts and other technologies.
Concepts and Operation of Venus Protocol Venus Protocol is an algorithmic money market and synthetic stablecoin protocol. Previously, money markets were an essential part of economies to meet short-term lending needs. However, Venus is integrating decentralized finance ( DeFi ) lending into BNB Chain and allows collateral providers to mint the platform’s native synthetic stablecoin ( VAI ) through over-collateralized positions. Venus Protocol is a fork of Compound and MakerDAO, both of which are based on

Summary: As cryptocurrencies and blockchain become increasingly popular, developers are seeking ways to enhance the system's ability to meet growing demands, thereby achieving scalability. Sharding, sidechains, state channels, and aggregations are all methods of scaling. Blockchain aggregation involves transferring certain transaction processes to secondary chains while storing transaction data on the main Layer 1 blockchain. This article will explore two types of aggregation in the crypto space—optimistic and zero-knowledge.
Introduction: Due to the increasing demand in the crypto industry, the capacity of some blockchains has been pushed to its limits. Insufficient blockchain capacity can lead to network congestion and high transaction costs. To address this issue, the industry is actively developing and testing scaling solutions, aiming to improve transaction throughput and speed. These solutions can be divided into two groups: Layer 1 and Layer 2. Layer 1 scaling solutions (such as sharding) involve direct modifications to the main blockchain (also known as the base chain or Layer 1 blockchain). Layer 2 scaling solutions operate on top of Layer 1 blockchains. Examples of Layer 2 solutions include state channels, sidechains, and blockchain aggregations. Blockchain aggregation protocols are designed to improve throughput and reduce costs. Their goal is to solve many of the issues faced by popular blockchains by bundling transactions and reducing data size, thereby enhancing transaction processing and storage efficiency.
What is blockchain aggregation? Aggregation is a Layer 2 solution aimed at bundling transaction data and transferring it from the main chain (or Layer 1).

The summary: Blockchain bridges are fundamental to achieving interoperability in the blockchain space. Therefore, the security of cross-chain bridging technology is crucial. Common security vulnerabilities in blockchain bridges include insufficient on-chain and off-chain validation, improper handling of native tokens, and configuration errors. To ensure the validation logic is sound, it is recommended to test all possible attack vectors on the cross-chain bridge. Introduction: A blockchain bridge is a protocol that connects two blockchains, enabling interaction between them. Through blockchain bridges, users who want to participate in Ethereum network DeFi activities can hold Bitcoin without needing to sell, achieving their goals seamlessly. Blockchain bridges are the foundation for interoperability in the blockchain field. They operate using various on-chain and off-chain validations, which can also introduce different security vulnerabilities. Why is the security of blockchain bridges so important? Blockchain bridges often hold tokens that users wish to transfer from one chain to another. They are typically deployed as smart contracts, and as cross-chain transfers accumulate, the bridge holds large amounts of tokens. This substantial wealth makes them attractive targets for hackers. Additionally, because they involve many components, blockchain bridges often have a large attack surface. Consequently, malicious actors are highly motivated to target cross-chain applications in hopes of stealing significant funds. According to CertiK estimates, in 2022, attacks on blockchain bridges resulted in losses exceeding $1.3 billion, accounting for 36% of the total losses that year. Common security vulnerabilities in cross-chain bridges: To enhance the security of blockchain bridges, it is important to understand common vulnerabilities and test the blockchain thoroughly before deployment.

Trading psychology reflects the emotions of traders during the decision-making process. To some extent, every trader has their emotional touchpoints. Fear and greed are the two main emotions that influence traders. Both of these emotions can lead to poor decisions, such as taking reckless risks or panic selling. Even if traders can perform technical and fundamental analysis from a higher level, if they lack inner strength and conviction and are easily influenced by emotions, it can be very detrimental to their investment portfolios, especially in the volatile environment of cryptocurrency trading. What is trading psychology? Trading psychology refers to the psychological factors that influence people's trading behavior in the cryptocurrency or stock markets. Its theoretical basis is that emotions can significantly impact traders' decisions. For example, driven by greed, traders may make high-risk decisions, such as deciding to buy at the peak when the price of a certain cryptocurrency continues to rise. Conversely, fear can cause traders to exit the market too early. When an asset appreciates significantly over a relatively short period, the fear of missing out(FOMO) is a common emotion. This can very likely lead traders to make impulsive decisions based on emotions rather than logic and rationality. All traders are inevitably influenced by emotions. For the vast majority, losing money is painful, and making money is joyful. Why is understanding your mental shifts crucial in trading? Fear and greed are the two main emotions in trading. Fear prompts traders to avoid all risks, thereby missing out on successful trades. On the other hand, greed drives traders to chase the highest

Anyone can use permissionless blockchains. If you meet specific requirements, you can even participate in their consensus mechanisms. Bitcoin, Ethereum, and BNB Chain are all permissionless blockchains, which typically feature transparency and decentralization. Permissioned blockchains require an invitation to join. Permissioned blockchains are often used in private enterprises and tailored for certain use cases. Power is held by a small number of validators who can make most of the network decisions. Transparency may be affected, but the speed of network updates and scalability are often significantly improved. Introduction Have you ever thought about what type of blockchain you are using? Besides Proof of Work(PoW) and Proof of Stake(PoS), what other classifications are there? In fact, blockchains can be divided into permissioned and permissionless types. Understanding these two types helps you gain deeper insight into the characteristics of blockchain and its high liquidity. What is the difference between permissioned and permissionless blockchains? There is more than one type of blockchain. One of the most effective ways to distinguish blockchain types is to determine whether the chain is permissioned or permissionless. You may already be familiar with the category of permissionless blockchains. For permissionless blockchains, anyone can participate in usage and operation, and can directly use the network and participate in the validation process. Bitcoin, BNB Chain, and Ethereum all belong to permissionless blockchains. On permissioned blockchains, users must be granted permission to join. Permissioned blockchains are often used in private scenarios, such as within an organization or enterprise. For example, a company may use a permissioned blockchain for its supply chain system.

How to Set and Achieve Personal Financial Goals
Personal financial goals are objectives set to control and manage individual finances. There are many ways to help you achieve personal financial goals, such as monetizing hobbies and creating savings plans. The cryptocurrency industry is developing rapidly and has also become a potential tool for achieving personal financial goals. What are personal financial goals? Setting personal financial goals is the first step in properly planning personal expenses, income, savings, and investments. Without goals, it’s difficult to create a budget, plan how much you can spend, and how much to save. It’s also hard to achieve financial stability in an organized manner. Research shows that setting correct and reasonable goals is closely related to achieving greater success. Financial goals vary from person to person, depending on different factors. For some, the goal might be to save $1,000 each month. For others, it could be to reach a net worth of up to $10 million. There are various ways to achieve personal financial goals, but two methods remain timeless: reducing expenses and increasing income. How to Set Personal Financial Goals When setting personal goals, be sure to use the widely accepted SMART method, where each letter stands for Specific, Measurable, Action-oriented, Realistic, and Time-bound. Personal financial goals should be specific and measurable. For example, “saving $1,000 each month” is a specific and measurable goal, whereas “saving some money” does not meet this criterion. Financial goals should also be action-oriented. For instance, if you want to keep your monthly expenses within 50% of your salary, you need to take action, rather than just thinking “I want to be rich.”

Formal verification of smart contracts can prevent errors, vulnerabilities, and other adverse situations. In this process, human experts translate the logic of the smart contract into mathematical statements, then use automated processes to compare the actual logic against a model that reflects the expected behavior of the contract. Combining formal verification with manual audits allows us to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the security of smart contracts.
Smart contracts are computer programs deployed on the blockchain that automatically execute when certain conditions are met. They can be very simple or extremely complex, holding assets worth millions or even billions of dollars. If a smart contract code has security vulnerabilities, it could lead to devastating consequences, such as theft of all assets held within.
In 2021, due to a spelling error in a smart contract, the automated market maker (AMM) Uranium Finance was hacked and stolen $50 million. Also in 2021, a single coding error caused Compound Finance to mistakenly distribute $80 million in rewards. In 2022, a bug in a smart contract led to the Wormhole Bridge being hacked and stolen $320 million. Therefore, it is crucial to get the smart contract code right from the start.
Smart contracts are open-source, meaning that once deployed, the code is publicly accessible. If hackers discover errors in the code, they can exploit them immediately. Moreover, as time goes on, routine security patching becomes less effective because the smart contract code is...

AI can potentially enhance transparency and decentralization in DeFi. Predictive analytics, smart contract automation, credit scoring, and other applications look promising. However, we should realistically assess AI's goals, avoid unnecessarily reducing accountability and human decision-making, and refrain from setting overly ambitious targets for easy profits.
Introduction
AI is widely regarded as one of the most exciting technologies in the world. It seems to have the potential to transform many aspects of our lives, including the blockchain and cryptocurrency industry. But we must stay rational. While AI offers hope, it also leads people into certain delusions. Only by identifying potential areas for innovation can we successfully implement AI technology.
AI's DeFi Potential
Let's start by defining these two terms. DeFi is an ecosystem of decentralized financial applications built on blockchain networks. DeFi products include staking and lending, liquidity pools, and centralized exchanges(DEX). According to the Oxford Dictionary, AI is "the ability of computers or other machines to perform or simulate intelligent behavior." Common AI applications in finance or trading include fraud detection software, trading bots, and even chatbots.
What connects these two technologies? On the surface, both AI and DeFi can disrupt traditional financial systems through efficiency, transparency, and accessibility. DeFi has changed the products available to all of us, while AI influences how we interact with those products. AI seems to have the opportunity to improve DeFi's decision-making and risk management. But what will the end result look like? We

Maximum Extractable Value (Maximal Extractable Value, also known as MEV) was previously called Miner Extractable Value(Miner Extractable Value), referring to strategies that involve adding, removing, or reordering transactions when creating a new block. MEV aims to earn as much additional profit as possible. Since block producers have the ability to select and order transactions, this strategy is particularly suitable. However, other network participants (also known as searchers) can also take advantage of MEV opportunities—such as arbitrage trades, front-running, or forced liquidations—by paying transaction fees to reorder transactions. MEV is commonly found in networks supporting smart contracts, where blockchain transactions contain more complex information.
Introduction
MEV is a cryptocurrency term used to describe the deliberate addition, removal, or reordering of transactions during the creation of a new block (which will be added to a blockchain) to maximize profit. You can think of it as extracting additional value beyond the standard rewards and gas fees by choosing the order in which transactions are added within a block. MEV is often associated with the Ethereum network because Ethereum has a highly significant decentralized finance(DeFi) ecosystem. The more complex the transactions involved in a block (for example, those related to lending or trading smart contracts), the greater the opportunity for block producers to earn extra profit by deciding to add, remove, or reorder certain transactions (maximizing value extraction). What is MEV?

The Time Value of Money(TVM) concept refers to the idea that for the same amount of money, receiving it now is more advantageous than receiving it in the future because you can invest the funds to earn a return. This concept can be further used to study the present value of future amounts and the future value of current amounts. TVM can be expressed using a series of mathematical equations. When making TVM decisions, factors such as compound interest and inflation are often considered.
Introduction: Everyone's attitude towards money is an interesting concept. Some people seem to value money less than others, while some are willing to put in more effort to obtain it. Although these concepts are quite abstract, there is a mature framework when it comes to long-term valuation of money. If you want to know whether it is more cost-effective to wait until the end of the year for a large salary increase or to accept a smaller immediate raise, it is essential to understand the important principle of the time value of money.
Introduction to the Time Value of Money(TVM): It is an economic/financial concept that indicates that for the same amount of money, receiving it now is more advantageous than receiving it in the future. This decision involves the concept of opportunity cost. If you choose to receive the funds later, you will miss out on the opportunity to invest or use the money for other valuable activities during that period.
Specific example: Recently, you lent your friend $1,000. Now they have contacted you and plan to repay the money. If you go to collect it today, they will return $1,000, but starting tomorrow, they will embark on a one-year around-the-world trip. If you do not go to collect it today, they will be on their year-long trip and then return.

Introduction: Cryptocurrency whales are individuals or entities that have accumulated large amounts of cryptocurrency through early investments, mining, or other means. Due to their substantial holdings of available cryptocurrencies, whales have the ability to influence the market by buying or selling large assets, causing price fluctuations. In the cryptocurrency space, whales are often associated with significant volatility. Traders and investors closely monitor whale activities to gain valuable insights and make informed investment decisions. This practice is known as "tracking whales." What kind of cryptocurrency holder can be called a "whale"? Although the term whale refers to individuals or entities holding large amounts of cryptocurrency, there is no specific minimum amount of crypto assets required to be considered a whale. The term is relative, and the amount held depends on the specific cryptocurrency. If a cryptocurrency holder owns a significant portion of the total supply of a particular coin and can influence its price movement through trading, they can be regarded as a whale. From this perspective, if someone holds $1 million in assets and the market cap of that asset is $100 million, that person is a whale; another person holding an equivalent amount of assets, but with a market cap of $30 billion, would not be considered a whale. Although both hold $1 million worth of cryptocurrency, the former has a greater ability to influence the market than the latter. How to identify cryptocurrency whales? Due to the transparency, immutability, and openness of blockchain technology, many methods can be used to identify active whales. However, sometimes, recognizing them is not an easy task. Whale

Air-gapped wallets are a type of cryptocurrency wallet designed to be completely disconnected from the internet and any form of wireless communication. These wallets typically sign transactions offline and interact with online devices via QR codes or micro-SD cards. Air-gapped wallets are generally considered more secure than other types of wallets. However, they are not foolproof and require users to assume a high level of responsibility. They are more suitable for individuals holding large amounts of assets for the long term.
What is an air-gapped wallet? An air-gapped wallet is a cryptocurrency wallet that is completely disconnected from the internet and any form of wireless communication. The types of wireless communication that are isolated from the connection include Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, NFC (Near Field Communication), and sometimes even USB drives. The term "air-gapped" originates from leaving a physical "air gap" between the wallet device and any online network or wireless communication, providing an additional layer of security to prevent hacking and exploitation of vulnerabilities.
How does an air-gapped wallet work? To stay disconnected from the internet and wireless communications while facilitating transactions, an air-gapped wallet relies on scannable QR codes or micro-SD cards, which are small removable storage devices capable of storing transaction data. Air-gapped wallets typically use computer-based software applications that support partially signed Bitcoin transactions (PSBT) or similar partially signed transactions for other cryptocurrencies.
Let's see how an air-gapped wallet operates when conducting Bitcoin transactions. Step 1: Creating a Partially Signed Bitcoin Transaction (PSBT) Usually, users will make

Cryptocurrency gaming tokens are a form of digital assets that can represent in-game items, currencies, or other virtual goods.
With gaming tokens and NFTs, players gain a new way to own and trade assets and earn rewards through gaming activities.
These crypto games can be used on decentralized gaming platforms and dedicated marketplaces.
Introduction
As innovative forms such as gaming tokens and tokenized gaming assets are introduced, blockchain use cases continue to evolve. Cryptocurrency games are poised to revolutionize the gaming industry, allowing players to participate in games and gaming communities through unique decentralized methods.
What is a cryptocurrency game?
A cryptocurrency game refers to the integration of cryptocurrencies into gaming, allowing digital assets to be incorporated into the gaming experience. Digital assets include in-game items, characters, and virtual currencies.
Crypto games give players true ownership of in-game assets, making them highly popular. Unlike traditional video games, players can own exclusive non-fungible tokens(NFT) or other crypto assets on decentralized gaming platforms.
This enables players to trade or use in-game assets across different games, building a decentralized economy. Crypto games also support new gaming features, such as play-to-earn models, where players earn cryptocurrencies or NFTs by playing.
Crypto games and G

In the long run, investing is considered a good way to accumulate wealth, but beginners often don't know where to start. Building a personal investment portfolio is an important step toward achieving financial goals, requiring careful planning and consideration of multiple factors, including financial objectives and risk tolerance. Additionally, during the process, investors must regularly monitor and adjust their portfolios to ensure they align with the desired asset allocation. What is an investment portfolio? For an individual, an investment portfolio is the collection of all assets they own, including stocks, bonds, and cryptocurrencies. In the long term, investing is regarded as an effective way to build wealth, but beginners often don't know where to begin, especially now with emerging options like cryptocurrencies flooding the investment landscape, making it even more dazzling and overwhelming. Building a personal investment portfolio is a key step in achieving financial goals, requiring careful planning and consideration of certain factors. Let's take a closer look at the key considerations involved in establishing a personal investment portfolio. Assessing risk tolerance in the investment plan is crucial. Risk tolerance refers to an investor's willingness and ability to withstand losses. For novice investors, evaluating risk tolerance involves considering factors such as their ultimate goals, current financial situation, and their understanding of investment products. Clarifying objectives. To determine one's risk tolerance, the first step an investor can take is to clarify their financial goals. For example, common long-term investment goals include retirement savings and accumulating wealth for future generations, while short-term goals might involve saving money for a recent car purchase or higher education. These goals can influence risk management and tolerance levels.

Cryptocurrencies inherently possess a decentralized nature. Therefore, after the asset owner passes away, the transfer of crypto assets will face some unique challenges. You need to carefully consider how your crypto assets can be found, identified, and accessed after your death, so that your loved ones can benefit. Today, there are many solutions available, including handwritten mnemonics, encrypted private keys, and dead man’s switches(dead man’s switch). What will happen to your crypto assets after you pass away? As the popularity of cryptocurrencies continues to grow, it becomes increasingly important to consider what will happen to your crypto assets after your death. Estate planning is a common practice throughout history to ensure that your traditional assets are distributed according to your wishes. However, for crypto assets, this approach faces some unique challenges. Since there are many software, hardware, and trading platforms that can hold crypto assets, the first obstacle to overcome is how to find and identify these assets after the owner’s death. If access to wallets and accounts is impossible due to lack of information related to private keys, mnemonics, or passwords, then these assets are nearly impossible to locate and access. This means your crypto assets, such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, or other altcoins, could be lost forever. You can plan ahead for your crypto assets or recover the deceased’s assets as a beneficiary through the following methods. How to leave crypto assets as inheritance to others after death If you want to leave crypto assets to others after death, it’s important to plan early. There are many ways to do this, but the most common solutions include

Hedging is a risk management strategy used to offset potential losses that individuals or organizations might incur. Common hedging methods include futures and options contracts, Contract for Difference (CFD), and perpetual swap contracts. Hedging strategies themselves involve risks and costs. Before implementing a hedging strategy, investors need to consider various risks, including counterparty and regulatory risks. What is hedging? Hedging is a risk management strategy employed by individuals and institutions to offset potential losses that may arise from investments. This concept is similar to purchasing insurance. For example, if you live in a flood-prone area, you need to buy flood insurance to protect your assets from flood risks. In financial and cryptocurrency markets, the operating principles of hedging are largely similar. This type of investment aims to reduce the risk of adverse asset price movements. How does hedging work? There are many ways to hedge, but they usually involve the following steps: Step 1: Open a primary position holding specific assets such as Bitcoin or Ethereum. You own this asset or are affected by its price fluctuations. Step 2: Identify the risk. The next step is to identify the risks associated with the initial position. For example, the risk of holding Bitcoin is that its price may fall. Step 3: Open a reverse position. After identifying the risk, you can choose a related investment tool and open a position opposite to the current risk trend to hedge the risk. The goal of hedging is not to profit but to prevent losses. The gains from the hedging position should offset the losses of the primary position. It is worth noting that hedging is rarely foolproof. Additionally, hedging involves costs, so it is necessary to consider the costs of hedging.

Cryptocurrency trading robots are automated software tools designed to handle buy and sell transactions in cryptocurrencies based on preset parameters to generate profits. Popular strategies for cryptocurrency trading robots include trend trading, arbitrage trading, ultra-short-term trading, momentum trading, reverse trading, news trading, and dollar-cost averaging. Cryptocurrency trading robots offer numerous advantages, such as enabling 24/7 trading, eliminating emotional biases in trading decisions, increasing trading speed, and analyzing vast amounts of data simultaneously. However, trading robots also come with risks and limitations. What is a cryptocurrency trading robot? A cryptocurrency trading robot is an automated software tool designed to handle buy and sell transactions in cryptocurrencies based on preset parameters to generate profits. These robots typically analyze and process various market data such as prices, trading volume, orders, and time frames. The resulting information can be used to fine-tune operational parameters to align with specific trading strategies and objectives. Trading robots are widely used not only in the cryptocurrency market but also in traditional financial markets. Trading robots can eliminate human emotions, such as fear and greed, which often hinder traders from making unbiased trading decisions. However, trading robots are programmed to trade according to their settings and are not foolproof profit-making tools; they still require monitoring and adjustments to achieve optimal results. How do cryptocurrency trading robots work? Cryptocurrency trading robots trade based on various market indicators and parameters, which are pre-configured in their programming. These indicators and parameters can be simple or complex, depending on the complexity of the robot and its capabilities.